Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Human FGF-21 Is a Substrate of Fibroblast Activation Protein

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151269

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Human FGF-21 is cleaved by FAP. Recombinant human FGF-21 was digested by recombinant human FAP and visualized by Coomassie staining of SDS-Page gel. (B) Time course of FGF-21 digestion by FAP quantified by LC/MS extracted ion integration of peaks corresponding to intact (1–181) and cleaved (1–171) forms of FGF-21 (n = 3 per time point per group). Values are mean ± SEM with one phase decay curve fit superimposed. (C) FAP cleavage of FGF-21 is prevented by ARI-3099. ARI-3099 was pre-incubated with recombinant FAP for 30 minutes prior to addition of FGF-21. Reaction products were visualized by Coomassie staining of SDS-Page gel. (D) Recombinant PREP does not cleave FGF-21. Recombinant human PREP was added to recombinant FGF-21 and visualized by Coomassie staining of SDS-Page gel.

Article Snippet: Reactions were carried out at a final concentration of 20 μM FGF-21, 200 nM recombinant human FAP (R&D systems) or PREP (R&D systems) and 16 μM ARI-3099.

Techniques: Recombinant, Staining, SDS Page, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Incubation

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Human FGF-21 Is a Substrate of Fibroblast Activation Protein

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151269

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) FAP cleaves human FGF-21 in mouse, monkey and human plasma. Recombinant FGF-21 was added to plasma to a final concentration of 1 μM in the presence or absence of 16 μM ARI-3099 followed by assessment of intact FGF-21 by sandwich ELISA (n = 3 per group). Values are mean ± SEM. *P < .05 ***P < .001 by ANOVA . (B) FAP activity of mouse, monkey and human plasma as assessed by the FAP-specific fluorescent substrate ARI-3144.

Article Snippet: Reactions were carried out at a final concentration of 20 μM FGF-21, 200 nM recombinant human FAP (R&D systems) or PREP (R&D systems) and 16 μM ARI-3099.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Recombinant, Concentration Assay, Sandwich ELISA, Activity Assay

Journal: Oncoimmunology

Article Title: Novel immunotheranostic FAP-inhibitor target modules for imaging and elimination of FAP-positive cells by UniCAR T-cells

doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2598908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of the binding properties of FAPI TMs to FAP-positive target cells. The surface expression of FAP on HT1080 hFAP (a) and MRC-5 (b) cells was assessed by flow cytometry using commercial anti-hFAP mAb and binding was detected using goat anti-mouse IgG Pacific Blue. Data are shown for one representative experiment out of three independent experiments with similar results ( n = 3). The number of hFAP surface antigens per cell was determined for the HT1080 hFAP and MRC-5 cell lines using QIFIKIT ( n = 1) (c). The FAP-specific binding of 64 Cu-radiolabeled FAPI TMs to HT1080 hFAP cells was evaluated in vitro after 1 h of incubation at 37 °C ( n = 1) (d). The binding of NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 4/12/24 -E5B9 TMs and NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 4 to HT1080 hFAP was investigated using flow cytometry. The target cells were incubated with 200 nM of either NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 4 (black), NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 4 -E5B9 (red), NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12 -E5B9 (blue) or NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 24 -E5B9 (green), and binding was detected using anti-La mAb 5B9 (e). The data are shown for one representative experiment out of three independent experiments with similar results ( n = 3). The binding affinity of NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12 -E5B9 (blue) and NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 24 -E5B9 (green) TMs to HT1080 hFAP (f, g) and MRC-5 (h) cell lines were further studied by flow cytometry using anti-La mAb 5B9 and the goat anti-mouse IgG Pacific Blue. Titration curves are plotted as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ± SD from three independent experiments ( n = 3). K D : equilibrium dissociation constant; n.a.: not applicable.

Article Snippet: To study the binding of FAPI TMs to hFAP, 96-well flat bottom plates were coated with 0.1 μg per well of recombinant hFAP protein (#3715-SE, R&D Systems).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro, Incubation, Titration, Fluorescence

Journal: Oncoimmunology

Article Title: Novel immunotheranostic FAP-inhibitor target modules for imaging and elimination of FAP-positive cells by UniCAR T-cells

doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2598908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of cytotoxicity and immunostimulatory cytokine production by UniCAR T-cells redirected by FAPI TMs. UniCAR T-cells were cultivated together with HT1080 hFAP or MRC-5 for 16 h in the absence (dark gray) or presence of NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12 -E5B9 (blue) or NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 24 -E5B9 (green) TM. Target cell lysis was measured using luciferase-based assays. UniCAR T-cells were incubated with target cells at varying E:T ratios in the absence or presence of NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12 -E5B9 or NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 24 -E5B9 TM (a, b). Titration curves were obtained for UniCAR T-cells co-cultured with target cells at an E:T ratio of 5:1. The dotted lines indicate the level of target cell lysis in the absence of FAPI TM (c, d). The statistical significance of the differences between the dose‒response curves was determined by nonlinear regression analysis using the extra sum-of-squares F-test in GraphPad Prism. Cytokines released by UniCAR T-cells cultivated with target cells and FAPI-TMs were quantified by ELISA (e, f). All results are plotted as the mean ± SD from three independent donors and experiments ( n = 3), each performed with three technical replicates. EC 50 : half-maximal effective concentration.

Article Snippet: To study the binding of FAPI TMs to hFAP, 96-well flat bottom plates were coated with 0.1 μg per well of recombinant hFAP protein (#3715-SE, R&D Systems).

Techniques: Lysis, Luciferase, Incubation, Titration, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Oncoimmunology

Article Title: Novel immunotheranostic FAP-inhibitor target modules for imaging and elimination of FAP-positive cells by UniCAR T-cells

doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2598908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of in vivo killing of UniCAR T-cells redirected by NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12/24 -E5B9 TMs. Female NXG mice were injected with either HT1080 hFAP cells (black), HT1080 hFAP and UniCAR T-cells (gray), or HT1080 hFAP and UniCAR T-cells at an E:T ratio of 1:1 in combination with 1 nmol of either NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 12 -E5B9 (blue) or NODA-GA-FAPI-PEG 24 -E5B9 (green). The bioluminescence signal of HT1080 hFAP cells across all groups is shown for days 0 (1 h post-injection), 1, 2, 3 and 6 d post-injection (a). Quantitative analysis of the bioluminescence was conducted, and the results were plotted as mean ± SD from five mice per group ( n = 5) (b). Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction and with Dunett ´ s multiple comparison test with respect to the control group injected with only HT1080 hFAP cells. Stars indicate statistical significance; p -values close to the cutoff (0.05) are shown on the graph.

Article Snippet: To study the binding of FAPI TMs to hFAP, 96-well flat bottom plates were coated with 0.1 μg per well of recombinant hFAP protein (#3715-SE, R&D Systems).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Comparison, Control

Journal: Oncoimmunology

Article Title: Novel immunotheranostic FAP-inhibitor target modules for imaging and elimination of FAP-positive cells by UniCAR T-cells

doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2025.2598908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding characteristics and pharmacokinetics of 64 Cu-radiolabeled FAPI TMs with different PEG spacer lengths. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) of NRMI nude mice bearing HT1080 (left flank, dashed white circles) and HT1080 hFAP tumor (right flank, white circles) after i.v. injection of 64 Cu-radiolabeled FAPI TMs ( a ). Time–activity curves (TAC, n = 2–3 mice per group) were analyzed for HT1080 hFAP tumor (b) and kidney (c) to determine tumor-to-kidney ratios over time (d). *: free urine.

Article Snippet: To study the binding of FAPI TMs to hFAP, 96-well flat bottom plates were coated with 0.1 μg per well of recombinant hFAP protein (#3715-SE, R&D Systems).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Drug discovery, Injection, Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: BGN/FAP/STAT3 positive feedback loop mediated mutual interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.72218

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression and prognosis of FAP in gastric cancer. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). a Western blot analysis of GC cells (AGS or HGC27) alone, rFAP-supplemented GC cells, HMrSV5-co-cultured GC cells, CAFLCs-co-cultured GC cells in the presence or absence of stattic. b The relative expression of FAP was detected by qRT-PCR in 65 GC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues. c - d The association of FAP expression between five-year overall survival (c) and five-year progression-free survival (d) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. e The correlation of BGN expression with FAP expression in GC tissues. f-g The association of both BGN and FAP expression between five-year overall survival (f) and five-year progression-free survival (g) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human FAP protein (rFAP) (ABclonal, China) was diluted with PBS and utilized at an ultimate concentration of 200 ng/ml.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: BGN/FAP/STAT3 positive feedback loop mediated mutual interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.72218

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAP promotes BGN expression in GC cells by activating STAT3. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). a Western blot of BGN from GC cells (AGS or HGC27) co-cultured with CAFLCs in a time-dependent manner. b Western blot analysis of GC cells (AGS or HGC27) alone, rFAP-supplemented GC cells, CAFLCs-co-cultured GC cells, and CAFLCs PT100 -co-cultured GC cells for 48h. c The relative expression of BGN was detected in GC cells (AGS or HGC27) alone, rFAP-supplemented GC cells, CAFLCs-co-cultured GC cells for 48h . d The expression of BGN was detected in GC cells (AGS or HGC27) alone, rFAP-supplemented GC cells, CAFLCs-co-cultured GC cells for 48h by ELISA assay. e GC cells (AGS or HGC27) were transfected with a BGN promoter reporter plasmid (pPRO-RB-Report-Basic plasmid) for 24h . GC cells were incubated with or without stattic (10 μM) for 24h before rFAP (200 ng/ml) stimulation, relative luciferase activity of BGN promoter was detected after rFAP stimulation for 24h. f A reporter plasmid for BGN was constructed by cloning BGN promoter region (WT or NC) or identified STAT3 binding site mutants (MUT-1, MUT-2, MUT-3), and the human plasmid expression STAT3 (STAT3-Ex, STAT3-NC) were co-transfected with GC cells (AGS or HGC27), relative luciferase activity of BGN promoter was detected 48h after transfection. g-h GC cells (AGS and HGC27) were stimulated with rFAP. The qRT-PCR of CHIP products demonstrated the direct binding ability of STAT3 to BGN promoter region in GC cells, the input (2%) (g). The qRT-PCR of CHIP products was analyzed including negative control (NC), CHIP1, CHIP2, and CHIP3. The values were normalized to input (2%), and agarose gel (2%) (h).

Article Snippet: Recombinant human FAP protein (rFAP) (ABclonal, China) was diluted with PBS and utilized at an ultimate concentration of 200 ng/ml.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Incubation, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Construct, Clone Assay, Binding Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Negative Control, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis